Unlike most place names in Korea, "Seoul" has no corresponding hanja ( Chinese characters used in the Korean language). Ancient Gyeongju was also known in documents by the Chinese-style name Geumseong ( 金城, literally "Gold Castle or City" or "Metal Castle or City"), but it is unclear whether the native Korean-style name Seorabeol had the same meaning as Geumseong. Īfter World War II and Korea's liberation, the city took its present name, which originated from the Korean word meaning "capital city", which is believed to have descended from an ancient word, Seorabeol ( Korean: 서라벌 Hanja: 徐羅伐), which originally referred to Gyeongju, the capital of Silla. ĭuring Japan's annexation of Korea, Hanseong ( 漢城) was renamed Keijō ( 京城) by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with the hanja ' 漢' (a transliteration of an ancient Korean word Han ( 한) meaning "great"), which also refers to Han people or the Han dynasty in Chinese and in Japanese is a term for "China". The city has been known in the past by the names Wiryeseong ( Korean: 위례성 Hanja: 慰禮城, during the Baekje era), Hanyang ( 한양 漢陽, during the Goryeo era), Hanseong ( 한성 漢城, during the Joseon era), and Keijō ( 京城) or Gyeongseong ( 경성) during the period of annexation to Japan. It is the birthplace of K-pop and the Korean wave. Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. More recently, Seoul has been a major site of modern architectural construction – major modern landmarks include the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, Trade Tower, COEX, and the IFC Seoul. The Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by a mountainous and hilly landscape, with Bukhan Mountain located on the northern edge of the city. The city was later designated the capital of Korea under the Joseon dynasty. Strategically located along the Han River, Seoul's history stretches back over two thousand years, when it was founded in 18 BC by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Seoul was the capital of various Korean states, including Baekje, Joseon, the Korean Empire, Goryeo (as a secondary capital), and presently South Korea. Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games, 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit. Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City, the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including Samsung, LG, and Hyundai.
Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which was co-hosted by South Korea and Japan. In 2020, Seoul's real estate market was ranked 3rd in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. In 2017, the cost of living in Seoul was ranked the 6th highest globally. In 2015, it was rated Asia's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis, with the GDP per capita (PPP) in Seoul being around $40,000. International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from Incheon International Airport, notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years (2005–2013) by Airports Council International. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha – City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), Seoul was the world's 4th largest metropolitan economy in 2014 after Tokyo, New York City and Los Angeles. Seoul has a population of 9.7 million people, and forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area with the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. 'Capital'), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. Seoul ( / s oʊ l/, like soul Korean: 서울 ( listen) lit. Various views of Seoul from the 63 Building in July 2019
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